Hemisphere’s rejection of revolutionary black

This article is part of a series of anti-Hentitianism analysis through a hemispherical approach. read The first item In the series.

On September 25, 2024, Democratic representative Steven Horsford proposed a house of 1,500 on the floor of the Congress. The resolution aims to condemn Louisiana’s Republican Congressman Glen Clay Higgins on social media. The position amplifies the false claim of President-elect Donald Trump and his running mate JD Vance that Haitian immigrants eat pets in Springfield, Ohio. Higgins published an article about X on X, which filed a lawsuit against Trump and Vance on a Haitian article, which filed charges against Trump and Vance, “Lol. These Haitians are crazy. Eating pets, Vodud, Western Hemisphere, cults, Slapstick Ranksters’ pets, vudu, slapse gangsters… but if they don’t feel everyone is suffering from all the delicate allegations, please apply for our president, against us and the VP.”

He continued: “It’s better for all these thugs to remove their thoughts and ass from our country by January 20.” Higgins later removed the post, but the damage had caused it. Condemns flooding, and then the resolution condemning members of Congress.

This comment and lies reflect the worst white supremacist stereotypes about Haitian and Haitians. Broadly speaking, anti-propagandaism consists of actions, beliefs, outcomes, policies, political strategies and practices that can demonstrate negative implications related to Black and Haitian identities. Both Trump and Vance used the accepted false anti-maritime Islamic rumors as a form of anti-black, anti-immigrant fear in order to win political support.

Examples of such strategies abound. For example, in September 2021, under border suppression, U.S. Border Patrol agents appeared to whip the Haitians in Del Rio, Texas. This has led to the largest mass expulsion of asylum seekers in recent U.S. history. Between January 2021 and February 2022, the United States was deported or expelled more than 20,000 Haitians. During the same period, more than 5,000 Haitians were expelled from other countries, about half of which came from the Bahamas.

Of course, anti-missions are not limited to the United States. It is a regional and hemispheric phenomenon. In academic and informed circles, the Dominican Republic is the most famous example of this form of political domination, marginalization, racism and anti-Black. In a study of race and politics, Professor Ernesto Sagás analyzed how Dominican political elites use race and Anti-ihaitis “Build national myths and then use them to stop their hegemony challenges.”

As Sagás explored, the basic national myth of the Dominican nation-state is that the Dominican Republic is the largest colony of Spain in the so-called New World. After Haiti’s occupation of Santo Domingo from 1822 to 1844, the Dominican Republic consolidated its distance from black and Haitian identities, liberated the enslaved people, guaranteed Haiti’s freedom and independence, and achieved the highest attitude in the form of Dominican independence. Then, anti-blackism developed into an ideology based on anti-black biases, stereotypes and myths about people of Haitian descent. Anti-Japanese,,,,, Sagás wrote that Haitians wrote on issues in Dominican society and believed that Haitians were culturally and racially inferior black subhuman.

Dominican society violently demonstrated anti-ADBism in the 1937 genocide of thousands of Haitians under the order of the Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo. In 2013, the country’s Supreme Court issued a ruling, which is known as this judgeThis not only upholds a constitutional amendment that abolishes citizenship with the right to birth, but also retroactively deprives more than 200,000 black Dominicans of Haitian descent, leaving them stateless. Since 2015, thousands of people have been forced to leave the country. Now, Dominican President Luis Abinader has announced plans for a large-scale deportation.

“Some kind of black”

In my book project Anti-Heditianism in Heaven: The Bahamas’ marginalization, stigma and anti-blackness,,,,, Part Black Life and Liberation Vanderbilt University Press Series,,,,, I build on the work of Sagas and use anti-Haitianism to express the unique forms and experiences of Haitian descent. In other words, I am fighting the anti-Hedidiian concepts and reality of the Dominican Republic, applying it to different social environments, and expanding the theory to explain the racist treatment and degradation of Haitians in other parts of the world, with “rejection as” refusal A little bit dark. ”

The Bahamas are a small, mostly black Caribbean country with an anti-Hedidian history. Haitians have immigrated to the Bahamas since the Haitian Revolutionary Era (1791-1803). However, on November 9, 2019, members of the Bahamian nationalist group called Operation Monarch Bahamas protested outside a gymnasium that saw hundreds of victims of Hurricane Dorian. Starting September 1, 2019, a devastating Category 5 hurricane hovered in Grand Bahama for 24 hours, flooding most of the island and mostly flooding the Abaco Islands, making these areas uninhabitable. Haitians living in an informal settlement in Abaco are facing displacement.

Two months later, the Bahamas Sovereign Action called on the Bahamian government to expel displaced people in the gymnasium. “The Bahamas are for the Bahamians,” said Adrian Francis, the founder of the group. Witness News. The rest of the group held the Bahamian flag and shouted to the evacuees, probably of Haitian descent, “Go home!”, “Repay!” and “We want you to leave our country!” This scene comes after the numerous civic groups held by the same civic group in New Providence on October 4, 2019, titled “Eliminate illegal immigration in the Bahamas, shanty towns in shanty towns decline.”

Periodic white supremacy

Anti-propagandaism is an ideology that originates from anti-black, nationalism, political domination and marginalization. We can also see antihettiism being expressed as a set of practices. But what is the relationship between anti-Tianism in the Dominican Republic and anti-Hedintiism in the Bahamas? Like the United States, both countries’ political elites have adopted anti-Hedidiism as a strategy, suggesting that the two African deferred countries are structurally anti-propaganda. When Black Dominicans of Haitian Destiny were forced to leave the Dominican Republic in 2015 due to La Sonesia,,,,, This part is authorized by the Party to obtain political capital.

Another aspect of anti-Hedidiism is that these countries express and exert their sovereignty through anti-Black people. After Hurricane Dorian, the Bahamas repatriated 228 Haitian immigrants, of which 153 lived in Abaco, which was hit by the hurricane. Many Haitian residents there live in informal settlements, locally known as shanty towns, and have obtained work permits granting them legal status in the country.

When most blacks advocated their sovereignty through anti-mission, they expanded the spirit of white supremacy and anti-blackness, and had previously imposed traditions of the formerly imposed ancestors in the Bahamians and Dominicans through slavery. These cycles also expose the white supremacy periodicity and resistance to black.

Anti-nobleism in a hemisphere perspective

Anti-missions reflect the size of its hemisphere and have also developed into an important type of anti-black, informing other types of black people within North America, the Caribbean and South American countries. Regine O. Jackson’s 2011 book, Geography of Haitian Expatriatesdiscusses how Haitian immigrants and their descendants have been and are related to the offensive cultural “other” of Jamaica, Guadeloupe and Cuban citizens.

After the 2010 earthquake, a UN-induced cholera outbreak broke out in Haiti for nearly 10,000 lives and adversely affected more than 820,000 people. The United Nations remains irresponsible and impunitive for this human rights disaster. Furthermore, massive earthquake aid is not provided to Haitians, but pays homage to donors’ own civilians and military entities, UN agencies, international NGOs and private contractors. This suggests that humanitarian aid can be used as a counter-propaganda weapon.

In Brazil, scholars Denise Cogo and Terezinha Silva observed racist treatment of Haitians, who were encouraged to immigrate to the country during the post-Earth period to serve as laborers before the 2016 Olympics. The unfavorable experience of Haitians in Brazil (home of the largest black population in the Americas) reveals the link between labor extraction, anti-black and anti-mission.

In these examples, such as identity construction, anti-missions also have other purposes. The people of the Bahamas, Brazil, the Dominican Republic and other countries have established outstanding identities in Haitian identity, resulting in anti-Haitian results. The fact that the United Nations has not yet obtained Haitians for cholera-related diseases and deaths is not punished by Haitian or international law reflects how life in Haiti is considered to be consumed and unworthy of justice.

Although we must consider differences in local history, socio-economic and political situations in the Bahamas, Brazil, the Dominican Republic and elsewhere, there was a clear anti-Hedilian model following the 2010 earthquake. This model is shown in news and academic publications, involving alienation, death, expulsion, elimination, humiliation, marginalization and stigma.

Although most of these black countries are affected by anti-black people, all of them promote a unique form of anti-black people that adversely affects Haitians. This should remind us that all types of black are not the same black, reflecting hierarchical and differentiated black.

In other words, anti-mission is an expression of the darkest rejection of black people, a revolutionary black that requires freedom, equality and dignity, but is still unified and punished and stigmatized.

(Independent Media College and North America Latin American Congress (NACLA))

((Lee Thompson-Kolar Edited this. )

The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of fair observers.